language is surely the most important tool of communication among people, and particularly between the psychiatrist and their patients. It was Bertha Pappenheim, Jose Breuer's celebrated "Fraulein Anna O." of Studies on hysteria, who conied the
term
"talking cure" to describe the magical power of language to relieve mental suffering.
Psychiatrists frequently speak about their patients' stream of thought, content of thought, or thought disorder. However, too often we forget that our only way of learning about a patient's thoughts is through his speech and language, And it is
something of an oddity that so much has been written by psychiatrists about thought and so little about language. But Newman and Mather made an early effort to examine speech in psychiatric patients. Lorenz and Cobb used more rigorous
quantitative
methods such as determining the distributions of parts of speech or the number of words spoken per minute. As a pilot, author undertook the similar study on the Korean psychiatric patients.
In order to prepare the further linguistic studies, author reviewed the linguistics, especially its philosphical foundations and psycholinguistics, and the characteristics of Koreans. And also the various theoretical concepts and the expressive
behaviors of emotion, and the language of emotion were reviewd for the future applications of psychiatric studies.
In this paper, one of author's attempts was that languae of emotion, particularly that of depression was correlated with the psychodynamics of depression. By Fish's definition, depression is the emotional reaction to chronic frustration and
disappoinment. And Bonime said that depression is a way of living - a sick way. In addition to the emotion of sadness, depressives express various emotional responses such as hostility, and anxiety. It is said that depression is one of the forms
of
expressing hostility, and that anger is basically affecive core of depression. Closely related to anger is anxiety, which is imminent whenever there is a threat to the effectiveness of a pathological way of functioning. People label their
emotional
states through the language of emotion.
Ki - hong Kim reported the similarities and differences of emotion language between American and Korean. He thought that negative or unpleasant emotional expressions have been more developed than positive or pleasant emotions, and that negative
emotions
have finer discriminations than positive emotions in both cultures. But in Korean culture the emotion of sadness seems to be especially well cultivated when compared with American culture. In Korean culture, each of loneliness and disppointment
constitutes an independent category, while in American culture, both of them belong to the category of depression. And loneliness and disappointment seem to be more cultivated in Korean culture. Timidity, shyness, shame, Guilt, and remorse
constitute a
single category in Korean culture, whereas in American culture, timidity and shyness constitute one category, and shame, guilt, and remorse another category. Shyness. Shame, and guilt cooccur in Korean culture, and the Koreans' concept of
combining
these three items seems justified according to the physiological point of view.
Korean depressives have the tendency to complain of the somatic sufferings instead of depressive emotion. This tendency seems to come from the concept of traditional Korean(oriental)medicine. A few of Korean emotion words reflect the relationship
of 7
affects to the different organs. Author expects the further studies on the correlation of depression with linguistic expressions through the languages of body and the psychological or sensory verbs.
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